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关键字：
智能卡西门子加密卡存储卡CPU卡超级智能IC卡 Keyword:
Siemens smart card encryption card memory card CPU super
smart card IC Card
智能卡分类 Smart Card
Categories
智能卡是智能卡技术的核心，它的性能和成本对智能卡技术的推广和使用起着举足轻重的作用，为了提高智能卡的标准化和通用性，国际标准化组织对智能卡的接口和通讯协议作了详细规定，生产智能卡的厂家有SIEMENS，ATMEL，GEMPLUS，MOTOROLA，MICROCHIP等公司。
Smart Card smart card technology is the core of its performance and
cost of the smart card technology and the use of the promotion play
a decisive role, in order to increase the standardization of smart
cards and versatile, and the International Organization for
Standardization on the smart card interface and communications
protocols in detail, production smart card manufacturers have
SIEMENS, ATMEL, GEMPLUS, MOTOROLA, MICROCHIP companies.
智能卡属于半导体卡。
Semiconductor cards are smart cards. 半导体卡片采用微电子技术进行信息的存储、处理。
Semiconductor cards using microelectronic technology information
storage, and processing. 按照其组成结构，智能卡可以分为一般存储卡、加密存储卡、CPU卡和超级智能卡：
In accordance with its composition, smart cards can be divided into
general memory cards, encryption, memory cards, CPU cards and super
smart cards:
其内嵌芯片相当于普通串行E2PROM存储器，有些芯片还增加了特定区域的写保护功能，这类卡信息存储方便，使用简单，价格便宜，很多场合可替代磁卡，但由于其本身不具备信息保密功能，因此，只能用于保密性要求不高的应用场合。
Its embedded chip equivalent ordinary serial E2PROM memory chips
also increased some region-specific write protection features, such
card information storage convenience, the use of simple,
inexpensive, many occasions to replace magnetic cards, but does not
have its own information security functions, therefore, can only be
used for confidentiality main requirement applications.
加密存储器卡内嵌芯片在存储区外增加了控制逻辑，在访问存储区之前需要核对密码，只有密码正确，才能进行存取操作，这类信息保密性较好，使用与普通存储器卡相类似。
Encryption chip embedded memory cards in the storage area,
additional control logic, storage area before the visit need to
check your password, only the correct password is required for
access operation, better confidentiality of such information, the
use of ordinary memory cards similar.
CPU卡内嵌芯片相当于一个特殊类型的单片机，内部除了带有控制器，存储器，时序控制逻辑等外，还带有算法单元和操作系统，由于CPU卡有存储容量大，处理能力强，信息存储安全等特性。
CPU card embedded chips equivalent to a special type of
microcontroller, in addition to a internal controller, memory, such
as the timing control logic, but also with the algorithm modules and
the operating system, CPU card, storage, processing capacity - The
storage of information security, and other features. 因此，广泛用于信息安全性要求特别高的场合。
Therefore, widely used in information security requirements are
particularly high occasions.
在卡上具有MPU和存储器并装有健盘、液晶显示器和电源，有的卡上还具有指纹识别装置等。
MPU is in the cards, and memory and disk-equipped with liquid
crystal displays and power supplies, some of the card also has
fingerprint recognition devices.
按照数据读写方式，智能卡又可分为接触式IC卡和非接触式IC卡两类：
According to read and write data, smart cards can be divided into
contactless IC card and contactless IC card two categories:
前者由读写设备的触点和卡片上的触点相接触，进行数据读写；国际标准ISO7816系列对此类IC卡进行了规定。
Literacy equipment from the former contacts and the contacts of the
card access, read and write data; international standards ISO7816
series of such IC card has been stipulated.
后者则与读写设备无电路接触，由非接触式的读写技术进行读写（例如，光或无线电技术）。
The latter circuit and literacy equipment without contact from the
non-contact reading and writing technology literacy (for example,
light or radio technology). 其内嵌芯片除了存储单元。 In
addition to its embedded chip memory cell. 控制逻辑外，增加了射频收发电路。
Control logic, the increase in the RF transceiver circuits.
这类卡一般用在存取频繁，可靠性要求特别高的场合。
Such cards typically used in the access frequently, particularly
high reliability requirements of the occasion. 国际标准ISO10536系列阐述了对非接触式IC卡的有关规定。
International standards of ISO10536 series on non-contact IC card
with the relevant provisions.
按照数据交换格式分类，智能卡可以分为串行和并行两种：
According to the data exchange format classification, smart cards
can be divided into two serial and parallel:
智能卡和外界进行数据交换时，数据流按照串行方式输入输出。
Smart cards and external data exchange, in accordance with the
serial data stream input and output mode. 当前应用中大多数IC卡都属于串行IC卡类，串行IC卡接口简单，使用方便，国际标准化组织为之专门开发了相关标准。
Most of the current applications are IC card belonging to serial IC
card type, serial interface IC card simple, easy-to-use, the
International Organization for Standardization it has been developed
specifically relevant standards.
与串行IC卡相反，并行IC卡的数据交换以并行方式进行，由此可以带来两方面的好处，一是数据交换速度提高，二是在现有技术条件下存储容量可以显著增加。
In contrast with the IC card serial, parallel IC card exchange of
data in parallel form, which can bring both the benefits of data
exchange speed of the First, Second, under the conditions of the
existing technology storage capacity can be increased
significantly. 有关厂商再者方面作出了探索，并有产品投入使用，但由于没有形成相应的国际标准，大规模应用方面还存在一些问题。
Furthermore the manufacturers have made exploration, and products in
use, but the absence of a corresponding international standard,
large-scale applications also exist some problems.
此外，有关厂商还设计制造了各种适合实际用途的智能卡，例如：
In addition, the manufacturers also design and manufacture of a
variety of practical uses for smart cards, such as:
预付费卡在出厂后，初始化前的特性与加密存储器卡相类似，只是容量较小，一旦经用户初始化后，其信息的读取与普通存储卡类似，其内嵌芯片相当于一个计数器，只是该计数器只能作减法，不能作加法，当计数为零时，芯片便作废，因此，是一次性的。
Prepaid cards in the factory, before the initialization of memory
cards and encryption similar, but smaller capacity, once initialized
by the user, read its information with ordinary memory cards similar
to the equivalent of its embedded chips a counter, but only for the
counter subtraction, and can not be additive, when the count is
zero, the chip will be void, it is a one-off. 这样卡是专门为预付费用途设计的。
This card is exclusively for prepaid use design.
混合卡也存在多种形式，将IC芯片和磁卡同做在一张卡片上，将接触式和非接触式融为一体，一般都称为“混合卡”。
There are also various forms mixed card, IC chips and will be done
with a magnetic card, contact and non-contact form is generally
known as "mixed card."
另外，在1981年由美国一家公司提出光卡概念，从而丰富了卡片式数据存储方式。
In addition, in 1981 the United States put forward a company-card
concept, thus enriching the card data storage. 光卡（Optical
Card）由半导体激光材料组成的，能够储存记录并再生大量信息。 Optical Card (Optical Card)
from the semiconductor laser materials can be recorded and stored
renewable large amount of information. 光卡纪录格式目前形成了两种格式：Canon型和Delta型。
Record-card format have become a two formats: Canon-type and
Delta. 这两种形式均已被国际标准化组织接收为国际标准。
Both forms have been received by the International Organization for
Standardization for international standards. 光卡具有体积小，便于随身携带，数据安全可靠，容量大，抗干扰性强，不易更改，保密性好和相对价格便宜等优点。
Optical cards are small in size, easy to carry, data safe, reliable,
large capacity, and strong anti-interference, it is not easy
changes, good and confidentiality of the advantages of relatively
cheap.
智能卡有些已作为标准产品提供，在以后章节中将详细介绍，有些需要用户定制，本书只作纲领性介绍。
Some of the smart card as a standard product offerings, will be
detailed in subsequent chapters, some need customization, the book
only for programmatic introduced. 除此之外，一些公司正计划采用闪烁存储器（Flash
Memory）技术制造智能卡，以进一步扩大容量，提高速度，降低成本和功耗，这将是智能卡技术的又一飞越。 In
addition, some companies are planning to use Flash Memory (Flash
Memory) technology smart cards to further expand capacity, increase
speed, lower cost and power consumption, which will be smart-card
technology over another. 预计，随着新技术和新工艺的不断发展、进步，今后还会不断出现新的卡型。
Expected that with new technology and the continuous development of
new technology, progress, the future will continue to the emergence
of new card type. |
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